

Herpetofauna
Research Team
Photo: Luke Pembroke
Understanding the diversity, distribution, population dynamics, and optimal conservation strategies of forest-dwelling amphibians and reptiles in Amazonian Peru
Fauna Forever's herpetology research program featuring Head Field Research Coordinator, Chris Ketola. Video: Foggy Lens Productions
Herpetofauna Team Objectives
The Herpetofauna Research Team is tasked with the following principle scientific and conservation objectives: (i) to establish baseline datasets on the diversity and abundance of over 200 species of reptiles and amphibians at numerous field sites across the Madre de Dios region of Amazonian Peru; (ii) to monitor changes in these populations over time scales ranging from months to decades; (iii) to compare and contrast sites in terms of reptile and amphibian diversity, community structure, abundance and population density; (iv) to understand and explain differences between sites and over time with respect to environmental and anthropogenic variables such as climate (temperature, rainfall), forest type (terra-firme, floodplain), land-use categories (protected areas, indigenous or native community forest, ecotourism concessions, timber and non-timber extractive reserves, bushmeat hunting areas, and forests surrounded by or immediately adjacent to agricultural and cattle ranching areas), and underlying human-related disturbance as measured by distance from towns and villages, roads, and large navigable rivers; (v) to identify reptile and amphibian populations or communities that are changing particularly rapidly and the likely underlying causes of this change; (vi) to provide forest land owners and managers with information about the conservation status of the herpetofauna community in their forest; (vii) to educate the general public in Peru and worldwide about Neotropical herpetofauna; and ultimately; and ultimately (viii) to promote conservation actions at the species, site and landscape level that will help conserve the reptiles and amphibians of Peru

A 2m Spectacled Caiman (Caiman crocodilus) being held by herpetofauna team coordinators. (Photo: Sam Reitsma)
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A Green anaconda (Eunectes murinus)
Photo: Ian Markham
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A White-lined Leaf Frog(Phyllomedusa vaillanti)
Photo: Jason Kopp
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Slender-legged tree frog (Osteocephalus taurinus). Photo: Fabian Muhlberger
This internship provides volunteers and interns with hands-on training in the field methods and analytical techniques used to study Neotropical amphibians and reptiles in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Training is delivered through close mentorship by experienced researchers and follows a flexible, competency-based progression rather than a fixed or time-bound curriculum. Participants may engage with multiple research teams during their placement, and progression within the herpetofauna programme reflects individual experience, aptitude, and time available in the field. Responsibility increases as skills, confidence, and data quality standards are met, at the discretion of the Herpetofauna Research Coordinator.
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Terrestrial Herpetofauna Surveys
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Line transects, quadrat leaf litter, opportunistic, and pitfall line survey techniques
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Collection of specimen encounter data for population and community studies
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Establishment and maintenance of research sites in tropical forest environments
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Understanding the strengths, limitations, and applications of different survey methodologies
Species Identification
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Identification of amphibians and reptiles using field guides, scientific literature, and keys
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Development of practical identification skills for both captured specimens and field observations
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Increasing confidence and accuracy in species identification through supervised field experience
Capture, Handling, and Morphometric Data Collection
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Safe and ethical capture of amphibians and non-venomous reptiles during field surveys
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Appropriate handling, temporary containment, and processing of captured specimens
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Collection of standard morphometric measurements, including snout–vent length (SVL), total body length (TBL), weight, age class, and sex where applicable
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Understanding animal welfare considerations and ethical research practices
Caiman Survey and Monitoring Techniques
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Theory and application of river- and stream-based caiman survey methods (where site conditions permit)
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Use of spotlights and visual detection techniques during nocturnal surveys
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Collection of encounter and location data using GPS devices
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Safe handling, processing, and morphometric data collection from captured caimans
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Introduction to passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and mark–recapture methodologies
Data Management and Analysis
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Accurate completion of field datasheets and digital data entry
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Data checking and validation procedures to maintain dataset quality
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Introduction to survey data analysis, including distance sampling concepts and ecological interpretation of field data
Working with Potentially Dangerous Species
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Develop an understanding of safety protocols for working around venomous snakes and larger non-venomous species
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Use of appropriate protective equipment and handling tools
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Understanding risk assessment procedures and species-specific handling considerations
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Volunteers and interns will NOT be permitted to catch or handle venomous species during their stay, regardless of prior qualifications. Volunteers who show a strong aptitude to herpetofauna research may be given opportunities to assist research coordinators with processing of dangerous species.
Important Note on Training Opportunities and Progression
While this internship offers exposure to a wide range of herpetofauna research methods, there is no guarantee that all participants will engage in every skill or technique listed above. Training opportunities depend on individual aptitude, rate of progression, length of placement, seasonal research priorities, and the species encountered during surveys.
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Volunteers are expected to demonstrate a proactive and reliable approach to learning and assisting with core field tasks, including survey implementation, habitat assessments, accurate data recording, and data entry, before progressing to more advanced responsibilities involving the capture and handling of live animals. Progression is determined by the Herpetofauna Research Coordinator and is based on demonstrated competence, consistency, adherence to safety protocols, and commitment to high standards of animal welfare and data quality.
Progression and Further Opportunities
Participants who demonstrate strong technical ability, professionalism, and consistency in field and data protocols may be considered for increased responsibility within the herpetofauna research team. In some cases, this may include eligibility for the Skilled Research Internship or consideration for Assistant Research Coordinator roles, subject to organisational needs and performance.
Methods and Skills Covered
Fauna Forever's caiman research project featuring Thesis Project Intern and Assistant Coordinator, Hallie Cowan Barrera.
Video: Foggy Lens Productions
Thesis Project Internship
If you are a student looking to undertake an official thesis or dissertation project on Neotropical amphibians or reptiles in the Peruvian Amazon and would like to benefit from our expertise and know-how, then this option is for you. You can find out more on the Thesis Project Internship page. We are able to offer support and advice to students regarding project design, implementation and data analysis, along with close supervision from our research coordinators. We have even identified some potential research questions that could be developed into thesis projects, although we are also open to ideas and questions from student applicants. Undergraduate level projects should ideally be planned to be undertaken over a minimum 6-week period. Any shorter and there is no guarantee, in our experience, that sufficient quality data would be collected. Our management team can also provide official supervision and reporting as may be required by colleges and universities. Due to the specific nature of each student's thesis project idea, final costs will be agreed following discussions with the Fauna Forever research team. ​​
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Volunteer making the most of a photo opportunity while a young caiman is being released back into a stream in the Peruvian Amazon. Photo: Stefan Harrison

A Yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus)
being carefully measured. Photo: Kanta
Recommended Reading
Field Guides

Reptiles and Amphibians of the Amazon. By: ​Richard D. Bartlett et al. (2003)
Published Articles
Duellman (1988) Patterns of species diversity in anuran amphibians in the
American tropics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75(1): 79-104.
Herron (1991) Growth rates of black caiman Melanosuchus niger and
spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus, and the recruitment of breeders in
hunted caiman populations. Biological Conservation 55(1): 103-113.
Doan (2002) Microgeographic variation in species composition of the
herpetofaunal communities of the Tambopata Region, Peru. Biotropica 34(1):
101-117.
Doan (2003) Which methods are most effective for surveying rain forest
herpetofauna? Journal of Herpetology 37(1): 72–81.
Doan (2004) Extreme weather events and the vertical microhabitat of rain
forest anurans. Journal of Herpetology 38(3): 422–425.
Ribeiro-Junior (2008) Evaluating the effectiveness of herpetofaunal sampling
techniques across a gradient of habitat change in a tropical forest
landscape. Journal of Herpetology 42(4): 733–749.
von May (2008) Current state of conservation knowledge on threatened
amphibian species in Peru. Tropical Conservation Science 1(4): 376-396.
von May (2008) Species diversity and conservation status of amphibians in
Madre de Dios, southern Peru. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(1):
14-29.
Santos et al. (2009) Amazonian amphibian diversity is primarily derived from
late Miocene Andean lineages. PLoS Biology 7(3).




















